Selection of Connection Methods Between Pipe Supports and Piping Systems

The connection between pipe supports (or hangers) and pipelines is a critical design aspect in ensuring stability, load distribution, and system integrity. Choosing the appropriate connection method depends on factors such as pipe size, material, load type, movement allowances, and installation environment.

Below is a comprehensive guide to selecting the right connection method between pipe supports and piping systems.

1. Common Connection Methods

a. U-Bolts and Clamp-Type Connections

Description: U-bolts or clamps are directly fastened around the pipe to secure it to the support base or beam.

Advantages:

Simple and cost-effective

Easy to install and adjust

Best Used For:

Small to medium-diameter pipes

Rigid support points with minimal movement

Non-insulated or lightly insulated pipes

b. Pipe Saddles

Description: A curved support that conforms to the shape of the pipe, usually welded or bolted to the base support.

Advantages:

Distributes load evenly

Reduces stress on the pipe wall

Best Used For:

Large-diameter pipes

Heavily insulated or high-load applications

c. Hanger Rods and Clevis Hangers

Description: Pipes are suspended from structural elements using threaded rods and clevis-style hangers.

Advantages:

Accommodates vertical movement

Reduces vibration and dynamic stress

Best Used For:

Overhead piping in long runs

Systems requiring thermal movement control

d. Spring Supports (Variable or Constant)

Description: Connected to the pipe via lugs, clamps, or pipe shoes, these supports allow vertical movement under load.

Advantages:

Balances pipe weight with movement

Ideal for high-temperature lines

Best Used For:

Steam or hot fluid lines

Equipment-connected pipes

e. Pipe Shoes and Sliding Supports

Description: Shoes are welded or clamped to the pipe and rest on support beams with low-friction interfaces.

Advantages:

Allow axial thermal expansion

Prevent insulation damage and metal-to-metal contact

Best Used For:

Horizontal runs with thermal growth

Corrosive or high-temperature environments

f. Welded Lugs and Brackets

Description: Steel lugs or brackets are directly welded to the pipe for rigid attachment.

Advantages:

High load-bearing capacity

Permanent and secure

Best Used For:

Anchors and fixed points

Systems with zero relative movement

2. Key Factors in Connection Method Selection

a. Pipe Material and Wall Thickness

Thin-walled or non-metallic pipes may require non-intrusive or cushioned supports.

Avoid welded connections for pipes with special coatings or liners.

b. Operating Temperature and Expansion

For high-temperature systems, use sliding or spring-type connections to accommodate movement.

Rigid connections are suitable for ambient temperature lines.

c. Load Type and Direction

Vertical loads → Clevis hangers, spring hangers

Horizontal thermal expansion → Sliding supports, guided shoes

Lateral loads → Bracketed or anchored supports

d. Installation Environment

Outdoor or corrosive environments → Use corrosion-resistant hardware (e.g., galvanized or stainless steel)

Clean rooms or food-grade facilities → Hygienic clamp systems with minimal crevices

3. Recommendations for Optimal Design

Combine connection types: Mix rigid and flexible supports to balance stability and movement.

Allow movement where needed: Avoid over-restraining pipes which can lead to fatigue or failure.

Ensure proper alignment: Misaligned connections increase stress and reduce system lifespan.

Regular inspection: Verify tightness, corrosion, and alignment in long-term operation.

Conclusion

The choice of pipe-to-support connection method significantly impacts the performance, durability, and safety of a piping system. By carefully evaluating pipe characteristics, load demands, and environmental factors, engineers can design efficient support systems that ensure long-term reliability with minimal maintenance.